Professionalizing the sales organization

30 KEYS TO ACHIEVING EXCELLENCE

There are many different remedies to solving problems when organizing sales. Professor Cosimo Chiesa has chosen to focus on 30 points that may help us be more methodical and professional in tackling the “design of a sales model”

The speed at which changes are occurring and their tremendous technological implications are shaping the profile of a new client who knows more, is better informed, compares, demands, recommends, criticizes, repeats and changes. Any company seeking “sales excellence” will try to design a plan aimed at detecting these needs and satisfying them. My experience in the analysis of sales networks is that success or failure is born in the design of a sales plan. In my opinion, all the mistakes found in sales organization can be grouped in four main areas: mistakes in the structural dimension, in the design of the sales model, in the direction and motivation of the sales network or in the use of relational marketing.

There are a variety of different solutions to these problems, and I have chosen to focus on 30 points that could be most useful in designing a sales plan. Most of these solutions demand “the professionalization of the sales organization” in order to move from the role of “product-price salesman” to that of a “sales consultant” who must work hard in order to understand the true necessities of the client. All of this implies designing “modern sales methods” and “intelligent methods of retaining customer loyalty” consistent with the above.

1. Develop a comprehensive sales process. Companies must define themselves and decide, from the beginning, if they want to operate their business by concentrating on maximizing revenues or if they prefer to generate a revenue stream through steady clients. In other words, simply attract clients or create a loyal customer base. These are two distinct philosophies: the first is aimed at the short term and the second at the medium to long term, trusting in loyal clients and the sustained profitability of the company.

2. Design a good sales plan based on market research that will allow you to adequately segment the market, position yourself correctly and attain the right “marketing mix”. This should be implemented, monitored (and adjusted), and be consistent with your relational marketing plan. This is a classical model that is unfortunately often underused, as shown by the failed ventures seen in other countries. The most common mistake in such ventures is a lack of prior research, which leads to confused positioning and a disoriented strategy.

3. Attain maximum cooperation between marketing and sales. The sad truth about many companies is that such unproductive and political conflict only benefits the direct competition. Salespeople view those in marketing “theoreticians”, removed from the market, while those in marketing consider salespeople too “pragmatic”. Any friction between these two departments only serves to undermine the profitability of the company as a whole.

4. Ensure that everyone “sells”. It is essential to create a corporate climate in which all employees – from those in the backroom to those on the front line – strive to serve the needs of the client. Throughout the organization there should be incentives tied to the profitability of the company. It must be remembered that backroom operations have a profound effect on overall client satisfaction and as such a culture of “service” should be cultivated in all departments.

5. Choose your client base and define your company. This is the first strategic decision. A sound sales plan is based on a good definition of the market, its segments and the channels through which it is directed, in line with overall strategic objectives.

6. Design your sales model. You need to choose between the direct model, using salaried salespeople, the indirect model, with salespeople on commission, or a mix of the two. This sales model must include the main elements of distribution strategy, which we will outline in the following points.

7. Define and segment the client base (to whom). Segmentation is an art that is not always achieved through order, well-defined parameters and technology. Good segmentation distinguishes between AAA clients, A clients, B clients, C clients, inactive, potential and former clients. The market must be segmented with maximum accuracy in order to develop the size, the profiles of the sales agents to be employed and the type of organization best suited to attack the market.

8. Define when, at what moment and with what frequency to visit clients. How many visits are made to clients whose average purchasing levels and growth prospects do not warrant a visit from a salesperson because a telemarketing call would suffice? Your sales plan must specify the frequency of visits according to client segmentation. For example, AAA clients every 15 days; A clients once a month; B and C clients, every two months; and inactive or potential clients, every four months.

9. Define the visit (how). A good salesperson has an intimate knowledge of the client but this is not always reflected in sales records, due to negligence or a lack of proper company policy. The company rarely has all the information. Client visits should be backed up by a “visit methodology” (report and sales schedule), horizontal and vertical distribution, the “back office”, sales secretaries, the routes used and expenses incurred by visits, the type of visit (telesales / internal sales). It is worth creating “down times” in order to perform administrative functions and decide which personnel can complete them most efficiently. It is also important to remember that a good software system helps to reduce costs and unnecessary trips by the sales team.

10. Decide who visits and negotiates. This is to prevent poorly prepared salespeople from negotiating with better prepared buyers, and vice versa. The sales plan must specify the exact number of salespeople, their commercial profile (salaried, representatives, agents on commission, promoters, etc.) and the type of organization to be used: by territory, product, client, function or a mixture of several. Only an analysis from this point of view will enable you to know the profitability of each territory or market segment.

11. Ensure the satisfaction of the sales team. Dissatisfied and disloyal salespeople neglect clients and often lose their business. A satisfied sales force will help to retain clients and probably remain loyal to the company, which in turn will bring satisfied and potentially loyal clients.

12. Take your time to choose the right team. A good selection process requires two or three interviews and an analysis of previous job performance and attitudinal tests. In many cases, the focus is on technical rather than attitudinal aspects, giving priority to previous experience in the same position, years with the company, training and skills, and overlooking overall attitude, emotional intelligence, character, willingness, leadership capacity and teamwork. During the selection process it is useful to include commercial profiles, specifying the level of sales experience required, attitude and a proactive approach to setting personal targets. This process should be completed with a well-designed acceptance program.

13. Train continually. Ongoing training is essential in order to provide a sales team with all the skills required to develop a quality sales process (see point 20). Training should include attention to attitude, a good knowledge of the product, market and competition, and current sales methods in order to convert the product-price salesperson into a sales consultant.

14. Actively supervise the sales force and evaluate it once or twice a year. An intelligent evaluation process is crucial to stimulate individual growth. Supervision should take into account both quantitative and qualitative results, and include input from the individual salespeople, who should be listened to and encouraged to put their own case.

15. Improve communication with the team. To ensure that the team is better informed and thus better motivated to achieve success, there should be a clear understanding of the concepts of fluency, transparency, timing and methodology.

16. Design an intelligent payment program. Regardless of whether it is based on commissions, quotas or a mix of both, the system should be: strategic (in order to achieve sales objectives); fair (to avoid internal problems between categories or zones); simple (to permit self-regulation); stimulating (to motivate and create loyalty among the team); and attractive (in order to draw the best salespeople).

17. Design a career path. The absence of a career plan can provoke tension and a lack of motivation among the sales force. The plan should attract young personnel with different skills and capabilities and offer a pay package commensurate with the responsibilities of each position.

18. Improve the personal qualities of the sales team. You must ensure that they want to do things as well as just being able to do them. The ability to achieve positive attitudes in the team is one of the keys to success, given that values determine thoughts, thoughts condition sentiments and these ultimately create expectations. Expectations, whether positive or negative, ultimately influence attitudes and consequently determine good professional behavior. The sales team must be proactive with a desire to grow with the company.


19. Constantly motivate and demand. You need to be creative and know how to design tools such as competitions, points systems, specific incentives, suggestion boxes and sales conventions. At the same time, you must stimulate emotional compensation and a positive environment geared toward healthy competition. The sales network must be continually stimulated and given constantly changing targets which are difficult but attainable. The more emotional compensation that is created in the sales team, the greater the dedication to confront new challenges.


20. Seek excellence in sales. Poor sales techniques can undermine the success of the sales force. Seeking excellence in sales means designing professional negotiating strategies that mean that the sales team can be sure that they will ask the right questions and thus determine client requirements, ensuring satisfaction with current products and services, presenting a personalized offer and closing the sale immediately. In the event that this is not possible, they should at least be able to use all the information collected in order to return to the client with a more studied and personalized offer.


21. Working with marketing, design a realistic, structured sales plan divided into zones and with specific timetables. A “realistic” plan may be difficult, but it should also be attainable using the tactical methods available, so that the company is given an honest picture.

22. Live the sale with them. Hit the street with each salesperson once or twice a month. This is the best advice I can give. Only by accompanying a sales person (without, of course, intervening in the negotiation process) can the technical skills and professionalism of the sales force be assessed. Once the sale is closed, attention should be paid to the dynamic design of ways of maintaining customer loyalty.

23. Design a conceptual model of loyalty “embraced” by the management and “lived” by the company. Too often, management is only concerned with the “bottom-line” and not with levels of customer service and client loyalty. This implies that a “client-oriented culture” does not permeate all levels of the organization. In this scheme, the entire organization must be infected from the top down with a sales culture that is “believed”, “lived” and “embraced”. The foundations for this model should be based on knowing how to design an intelligent “value formula”.

Box
Leadership and corporate culture
Products and methodologies/Products and methodologies
Value by effort
Client satisfaction
Relational marketing programs
Client loyalty

24. Design a “value formula”. Unresolved inconvenience, lingering insecurities, a poor attitude on the part of company personnel and a low level of service will prevent the sales team from developing a modern, successful sales process to prepare for subsequent relational marketing action. By strategically defining each element you can develop your client service to the full, which is fundamental to maintaining client loyalty.


Value- What do I get? Product+treatment+process+brand+details
How much does it cost? Price+inconveniences+insecurity

The action plan would therefore be to improve service at every level (treatment, detail, ...), to reduce inconvenience to the client, and to eliminate client insecurity

25. Create a culture of “client value”. A family that spends 700 Euros a month in food and cleaning will spend 8,400 Euros a year, 84,000 Euros in 10 years and 168,000 Euros in 20 years. You only need to deduct these amounts at market rates to understand the damage that a rude cashier can create for a supermarket. The same can occur with a car dealer, a hotel, a company restaurant or hairdresser. It must be remembered that there are no small customers, only those whose importance to the company should be maximally optimized through the combined efforts of the entire organization. The whole work force should be made aware of the real value of the company’s clients, so they know what it means to “lose them”. To do this you must know your clients well, not only from the point of view of the transactions completed to date, but also using information that allows for the design of made-to-measure offers and promotions. This can be achieved by improving the information held on each client.

26. Create a transactional and relational database in order to devise a truly one-to-one marketing system (while adhering to new Data Protection Agency regulations).

27. Listen to the client. Listening to clients is a given if you are going to offer them products and services that are adapted to their requirements and constantly anticipate their needs. You will thus understand very quickly whether clients are happy with the product or service provided, the sales team, the logistical arrangements, after-sales service, the administrative staff , etc. and be able to prepare the necessary information.

28. Devise warnings for breakdowns in the relationship and complaints procedures to rapidly and efficiently address customer complaints. Detecting dissatisfaction using a series of “breakdown” alarms will, if properly implemented, help you to retain clients by offering some form of compensation or taking corrective action. At the same time it offers the opportunity to resolve any complaints identified throughout the process.

29. Details, events and the design of a customer loyalty program. This is the last step. A well-designed program of services and events segmented by client importance means it is not necessary to develop clubs or sophisticated programs to retain customer loyalty. Such a program could help offer a client the privileges which it expects as a “loyal client”.


30. In short, a three stage sales plan:
a) Eliminate two words from your vocabulary: improvisation and impossible.
b) Work harder than anyone else.
c) Follow the words of Winston Churchill: “My advice to you consists of eight words… “Never never never never never never give up”.


BOX 1
The most frequent errors in designing a sales model

A. Structure

1. A poorly designed marketing plan without input from the sales manager
2. Poorly designed sales plans
3. Conflict between the sales and marketing managers
4. Price/product salespeople instead of sales consultants
5. A concept of “everybody sells” that overlooks the administrative staff
6. A non-existent or incomplete relational marketing plan

B. Design of a sales model

1. Poorly defined customer segmentation
2. Poor or incomplete information about clients
3. Underused sales force with respect to the potential of each zone
4. Poor distribution of clients within the sales force
5. Profiles that are unsuitable for the process or client
6. Lack of coherence between frequency and cost of client visits
7. Poorly designed sales routes resulting in excessive travel times
8. Absence of “sales schedules” allowing each salesperson to program their sales activity most effectively and precisely
9. Incomplete, late or non-existent reporting of sales activity
10. Limited monitoring of daily sales activity
11. Poor balance between day-to-day internal and external sales activity
12. Poorly organized and unstructured back-office, offering little support to the sales force

C. Management of Sales Network

1. Personnel selection process which fails to consider attitudinal characteristics
2. Inadequate training and follow-up
3. Poorly defined responsibilities which create redundancies or gaps
4. Unattainable or unrealistic sales objectives that demotivate the sales force
5. Poor and “repressive” supervision limited solely to quantitative sales results
6. Non-existent or insufficient evaluation that impedes a good “career path”
7. Poor communication which affects the morale and output of the sales force
8. Complicated payment program that fails to motivate and whose variable elements are difficult to achieve
9. Non-existent or poorly designed career plans
10. Room for improvement in motivation (no rewards, specific incentives, sales conventions…)
11. Weak sales techniques
12. Sales plan that are not consistent with overall marketing objectives

D. Motivating the sales force

1. Lack of emphasis on attitudinal factors
2. Unfair and uneven payment system
3. Absence of emotional return
4. Poorly organized or non-existent area meetings, conventions, rewards, specific incentives

E. Relational Marketing

1. Conceptual model not “embraced” by management and not “lived” by entire company
2. Poorly designed “value for effort” formula
3. Client value not “lived” by entire organization
4. Dubious employee satisfaction which could lead to resignations or affect customer service
5. Database which is transactional and not relational
6. Scant, incomplete, unsystematic communication with clients undermining ability of knowing and informing them better
7. Slow and unsatisfactory detection of problems, dissatisfaction complaints…
8. Few events, invalid or excessive details, badly designed services that mean that clients don’t feel they are being considered or attended to with care, and which thus undermines their loyalty